Post-operative inflammation and pain following ocular surgery
1 drop in the affected eye BID starting the day after surgery, through the first 2 weeks post-op
Acuity improves by day 4, with no rebound of inflammation or pain after the 2-week course.
Contraindications
Most active viral diseases of the cornea and conjunctiva, including epithelial herpes simplex keratitis (dendritic keratitis), vaccinia, and varicella.
Mycobacterial infection of the eye.
Fungal diseases of ocular structures.
Available Forms
Ophthalmic suspension, 0.05% (clobetasol propionate 0.5 mg/mL), 3.5 mL in a 5 mL multi-dose dropper bottle
Mechanism of Action
Synthetic corticosteroid with a high degree of glucocorticoid and a slight degree of mineralocorticoid activity, carrying anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive properties; the label calls the anti-inflammatory mechanism of topical steroids unclear but attributes it to induction of lipocortins, which inhibit phospholipase A2 and so cut the release of arachidonic acid and the prostaglandins and leukotrienes derived from it. Systemic exposure after ocular dosing is minimal: peak plasma levels were below the 0.04 ng/mL limit of quantitation in 13 of 22 profiles and ranged from 0.040 to 0.182 ng/mL in the other 9, and after 21 days of BID dosing the mean changes from baseline in cortisol were not statistically significant in either the drug or the vehicle arm.
Warnings & Precautions
IOP elevation and glaucoma: Prolonged corticosteroid use may result in glaucoma with optic nerve damage and defects in visual acuity and visual fields; monitor IOP if used 10 days or longer, and use with caution in the presence of glaucoma.
Posterior subcapsular cataract: Prolonged corticosteroid use may result in it.
Delayed healing: Corticosteroids after cataract surgery may delay healing and increase the incidence of bleb formation.
Corneal and scleral melting: In diseases causing thinning of the cornea or sclera, perforations have occurred with topical corticosteroids; initial prescription and renewal only after examination with magnification such as slit lamp biomicroscopy and, where appropriate, fluorescein staining.
Bacterial infection: Prolonged use may suppress host response and increase the hazard of secondary ocular infection; in acute purulent conditions steroids may mask infection or enhance existing infection, and the patient should be reevaluated if signs and symptoms fail to improve after 2 days.
Viral infection: Ocular corticosteroids may prolong the course and worsen the severity of many ocular viral infections including herpes simplex; a history of herpes simplex requires great caution.
Fungal infection: Fungal corneal infection is particularly prone to develop coincidentally with long-term local corticosteroid use; consider fungal invasion and take a fungal culture in any persistent corneal ulceration where a corticosteroid has been used or is in use.
Contact lens wear: Do not instill while wearing contact lenses; remove lenses before instillation and reinsert no sooner than 15 minutes afterward, since the preservative may be absorbed by soft lenses.
Dropper tip contamination: Do not allow the tip to touch any surface.
Surgical confounding: The label states many of these reactions may have been the consequence of the surgical procedure. Rates are for reactions occurring in at least 1% of subjects in clinical studies.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Pregnancy: No adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Plasma concentrations after topical ophthalmic dosing are minimal, but corticosteroids including this one are teratogenic and fetotoxic in laboratory animals at relatively low systemic doses. In mice, fetotoxic at the highest subcutaneous dose tested (1 mg/kg, about 98 times the recommended human ophthalmic dose by body surface area) and teratogenic at every dose down to 0.03 mg/kg (about 3 times), with cleft palate and skeletal abnormalities; in rabbits, teratogenic at 3 and 10 mcg/kg subcutaneously (about 1.2 and 3.9 times), with cleft palate, cranioschisis, and skeletal abnormalities. Use only if the potential benefit justifies the potential fetal risk. Background risk in the US general population is 2% to 4% for major birth defects and 15% to 20% for miscarriage.
Lactation: No information on presence in human milk, on the breastfed infant, or on milk production. Systemically administered corticosteroids appear in human milk and could suppress growth or interfere with endogenous corticosteroid production, but systemic levels after topical ocular dosing are minimal; weigh the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding against clinical need.
Pediatric Use
Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.