Educational reference only — not medical advice. Verify against official prescribing information before any clinical use. See our Disclaimer.
12 of 216 medications
Bromfenac 0.07%, 0.075%, 0.09%
Prolensa® · Bromsite® · Bromday®NSAID
Approved uses
Postoperative inflammation and ocular pain after cataract surgery
One drop QD to the affected eye starting 1 day before surgery, on the day of surgery, and through the first 14 days postoperatively.
Anterior chamber cells reach zero-to-trace in 80% by day 15, with separation from placebo by day 3.
Contraindications
None listed on the FDA label.
Available Forms0.07% ophthalmic solution, 3 mL in a 7.5 mL dropper bottle
Mechanism of ActionNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; inhibits cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 and so blocks the prostaglandin synthesis that drives postoperative intraocular inflammation. In animal eyes prostaglandins disrupt the blood-aqueous barrier and produce vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, leukocytosis, and raised intraocular pressure.
Warnings & Precautions
- Keratitis and corneal reactions: Topical NSAIDs may cause keratitis, and continued use in susceptible patients may progress to epithelial breakdown, corneal thinning, corneal erosion, corneal ulceration, or corneal perforation, any of which may be sight threatening. Discontinue immediately on evidence of corneal epithelial breakdown and monitor corneal health closely.
- Higher-risk corneas: Complicated ocular surgery, corneal denervation, corneal epithelial defects, diabetes mellitus, ocular surface disease such as dry eye, rheumatoid arthritis, and repeat ocular surgery within a short period raise the risk of sight-threatening corneal events.
- Extended perioperative use: Dosing more than 24 hours before surgery or beyond 14 days after surgery may increase the occurrence and severity of corneal adverse events.
- Sulfite allergic reactions: Contains sodium sulfite, which may cause allergic-type reactions including anaphylactic symptoms and life-threatening or less severe asthmatic episodes in certain susceptible people; sulfite sensitivity is seen more frequently in asthmatic than in non-asthmatic people.
- Slow or delayed healing: All topical NSAIDs may slow or delay healing, as do topical corticosteroids, and concomitant use may increase the potential for healing problems.
- Cross-sensitivity: Potential cross-sensitivity to acetylsalicylic acid, phenylacetic acid derivatives, and other NSAIDs; use caution in patients who have previously reacted to these drugs.
- Increased bleeding time: NSAIDs can interfere with platelet aggregation, and ocularly applied NSAIDs have been reported to increase bleeding of ocular tissues, including hyphema, in conjunction with ocular surgery. Use caution with known bleeding tendencies or drugs that prolong bleeding time.
- Contact lens wear: Not to be instilled while wearing contact lenses. Remove lenses before instillation; the benzalkonium chloride preservative may be absorbed by soft lenses, which may be reinserted 10 minutes after dosing.
Common Side Effects
Ocular, 3% to 8%: Anterior chamber inflammation, foreign body sensation, eye pain, photophobia, blurred vision.
Pregnancy & LactationPregnancy: No data in pregnant women. Systemic exposure after topical ocular dosing is expected to be minimal, but avoid use in late pregnancy because prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors can close the fetal ductus arteriosus. Oral dosing through organogenesis produced embryo-fetal lethality and maternal toxicity in rats and rabbits at 90 and 150 times the predicted human Cmax at the recommended ophthalmic dose; rats also showed delayed parturition at 30 times and dystocia, increased neonatal mortality, and reduced postnatal growth at 90 times.
Lactation: No data on presence in human milk, effects on the breastfed infant, or effects on milk production; systemic exposure from ocular dosing is expected to be minimal, though harm to the infant cannot be ruled out.
Pediatric UseSafety and effectiveness not established in pediatric patients.
Celecoxib
Celebrex®NSAID
GoodRxApproved uses
Acute pain and primary dysmenorrhea
400 mg initially, followed by a further 200 mg if needed on the first day; thereafter 200 mg twice daily as required
A COX-2 selective NSAID, so it spares platelet function, which matters if bleeding risk is a concern
Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis
Osteoarthritis 200 mg once daily or 100 mg twice daily; rheumatoid arthritis 100 to 200 mg twice daily; ankylosing spondylitis 200 mg once daily; juvenile rheumatoid arthritis 50 mg twice daily at 10 to 25 kg and 100 mg twice daily above 25 kg
Contraindications
Celecoxib is contraindicated in the following patients: Known hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylactic reactions and serious skin reactions) to celecoxib, any components of the drug product. History of asthma, urticaria, or other allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs. Severe, sometimes fatal, anaphylactic reactions to NSAIDs, have been reported in such patients.
Available FormsCelecoxib capsules, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg and 400 mg.
Mechanism of ActionCelecoxib has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. The mechanism of action of celecoxib is believed to be due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, primarily via inhibition of COX-2. Celecoxib is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis in vitro. Celecoxib concentrations reached during therapy have produced in vivo effects. Prostaglandins sensitize afferent nerves and potentiate the action of bradykinin in inducing pain in animal models. Prostaglandins are mediators of inflammation. Since celecoxib is an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, its mode of action may be due to a decrease of prostaglandins in peripheral tissues.
Warnings & Precautions
- Cardiovascular thrombotic events: NSAIDs raise the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke, which can be fatal; the risk may appear early in treatment and rises with dose and duration. Contraindicated for peri-operative pain in coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
- Gastrointestinal bleeding, ulceration and perforation can occur at any time, without warning, and may be fatal; the elderly and those with prior ulcer disease are at greatest risk.
- Hepatotoxicity, hypertension, heart failure and renal injury have been reported.
- Serious skin reactions, including exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, can occur without warning.
- Contraindicated in patients with a history of asthma, urticaria or other allergic reaction after aspirin or another NSAID, and in those with a sulfonamide allergy.
Common Side Effects
the most common reasons for discontinuation due to adverse events in the celecoxib treatment groups were dyspepsia and abdominal pain (cited as reasons for discontinuation in 0.
Pregnancy & LactationPregnancy: Avoid from 30 weeks of gestation because of the risk of premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus; use between 20 and 30 weeks may cause fetal renal dysfunction and oligohydramnios.
Lactation: Celecoxib is present in human milk at low levels; consider the mother's clinical need alongside any potential effect on the infant.
Pediatric UseCelecoxib is approved for relief of the signs and symptoms of Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis in patients 2 years and older. Safety and efficacy have not been studied beyond six months in children.
Diclofenac 0.1%
Voltaren®NSAID
Approved uses
Postoperative inflammation after cataract extraction
1 drop QID beginning 24 hours after surgery, continuing through the first 2 postoperative weeks
Pain and photophobia after corneal refractive surgery
1 to 2 drops within the hour before surgery, 1 to 2 drops within 15 minutes after surgery, then QID for up to 3 days
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation.
Available Forms0.1% (1 mg/mL) sterile solution, 5 mL fill in a 10 mL bottle
Mechanism of ActionPhenylacetic acid NSAID that inhibits cyclooxygenase and thereby prostaglandin synthesis. Prostaglandins mediate intraocular inflammation by disrupting the blood-aqueous barrier and increasing vascular permeability, so suppressing them limits postoperative anterior chamber cell and flare.
Warnings & Precautions
- Corneal adverse events: All topical NSAIDs may slow or delay healing, and in susceptible patients continued use can produce epithelial breakdown, corneal thinning, infiltrates, erosion, ulceration and perforation, which may be sight-threatening. Discontinue immediately at any evidence of corneal epithelial breakdown and monitor corneal health closely.
- Historical melt cases: An 11-case review of corneal melts on topical diclofenac, prompted by 1999 ASCRS member reports, attributed 7 to a generic formulation (Falcon) and 4 to the brand, with onset from 6 days to 17 months; the author concluded that coexistent factors rather than dose alone were implicated. Note that those 7 were a different manufacturer's product, not this one, and that the paper states all 11 followed 0.5% diclofenac ophthalmic solution, a strength not marketed ophthalmically.
- Higher-risk patients: Complicated ocular surgery, corneal denervation, corneal epithelial defects, diabetes mellitus, ocular surface disease such as dry eye, rheumatoid arthritis, or repeat ocular surgery within a short period raise the risk of sight-threatening corneal events.
- Treatment duration: Use more than 24 hours before surgery or beyond 14 days after surgery may increase the occurrence and severity of corneal adverse events.
- Concomitant topical steroids: Steroids also slow or delay healing, so combined use with a topical NSAID increases the potential for healing problems.
- Bleeding risk: Interference with thrombocyte aggregation may prolong bleeding time, and ocularly applied NSAIDs have been reported to increase bleeding of ocular tissues including hyphema in conjunction with ocular surgery; caution with known bleeding tendencies or other agents that prolong bleeding time.
- Cross-sensitivity: Potential cross-reactivity with acetylsalicylic acid, phenylacetic acid derivatives and other NSAIDs; caution in patients who have previously reacted to these drugs.
- Refractive stability: Not established in patients treated after corneal refractive procedures; monitor for one year following use in that setting.
- Soft contact lenses: Not for use in current soft lens wearers, except a bandage hydrogel lens during the first 3 days after refractive surgery.
- Shared bottle: Use of one bottle for both eyes is not recommended for drops used in association with surgery.
Common Side Effects
- Ocular, across studies: Transient burning and stinging approximately 15%.
- Ocular, cataract surgery: Keratitis up to 28%, though in many of those cases keratitis was noted before treatment began.
- Ocular, refractive surgery: Lacrimation complaints approximately 30% after incisional procedures.
- Ocular, IOP: Elevated IOP after cataract surgery approximately 15%; clinical studies showed no significant drug effect on IOP.
- Ocular, 10% or less: Acute IOP elevation, blurred or abnormal vision, corneal edema, corneal deposits, corneal opacity or lesions, iritis, conjunctivitis, eye pain, redness, itching, eyelid swelling, ocular allergy.
- Ocular, postmarketing: Corneal erosion, infiltrates, thinning, ulceration, perforation and epithelial breakdown; frequency cannot be estimated.
- Systemic: 3% or less, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, asthenia, chills, fever, facial edema, insomnia, rhinitis.
Pregnancy & LactationPregnancy: Category C. No adequate, well-controlled studies in pregnant women; no teratogenicity in mice at oral doses up to 5,000 times, or in rats and rabbits up to 2,500 times, the human topical dose, despite maternal and fetal toxicity. Avoid in late pregnancy, since prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors can close the fetal ductus arteriosus.
Lactation: Unknown whether topical ophthalmic use produces detectable quantities in human milk; weigh continued nursing against the importance of the drug to the mother.
Pediatric UseSafety and effectiveness in pediatric patients not established.
Flurbiprofen 0.03%
Ocufen®NSAID
GoodRxApproved uses
Prevention of intraoperative miosis during cataract surgery
Four drops total, one drop about every half hour starting 2 hours before surgery
Given entirely before the operation: prostaglandin-mediated miosis is prevented, not reversed once it happens
Contraindications
Flurbiprofen sodium ophthalmic solution is contraindicated in individuals who are hypersensitive to any components of the medication.
Available FormsFlurbiprofen sodium ophthalmic solution 0.03%, in a plastic bottle with a controlled drop tip.
Mechanism of ActionFlurbiprofen is a phenylalkanoic acid NSAID. It inhibits cyclo-oxygenase, blocking the prostaglandin synthesis that otherwise causes miosis during surgery independently of cholinergic mechanisms.
Warnings & Precautions
- With some NSAIDs there is a potential for increased bleeding time through interference with thrombocyte aggregation; use with caution in patients who may be prone to bleeding.
- Wound healing may be delayed.
- There is a potential for cross-sensitivity to aspirin and other NSAIDs.
Common Side Effects
Transient burning and stinging upon instillation and other minor symptoms of ocular irritation have been reported with the use of flurbiprofen sodium ophthalmic solution. Other adverse reactions reported with the use of flurbiprofen sodium ophthalmic solution include: fibrosis, hyphema, miosis, mydriasis, and ocular hyperemia. Increased bleeding tendency of ocular tissues in conjunction with ocular surgery has also been reported.
Pregnancy & LactationPregnancy: Flurbiprofen has been shown to be embryocidal, to delay parturition, to prolong gestation and to reduce fetal weight in animals.
Lactation: Not stated on the FDA label.
Pediatric UseSafety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.
Indomethacin
IndomethacinNSAID
OFF-LABELNot in the FDA label for this product
Non-necrotizing anterior scleritis, diffuse or nodular
25 mg PO QID, the initiating oral regimen reported in the cited review; no fixed course length is given, and the review advises reassessing for escalation if inflammation has not improved after 1 to 2 weeks.
Retrospective · no RCTs exist
Retrospective evidence only; there is no randomized trial of any oral NSAID in scleritis. Among 392 patients with noninfectious anterior scleritis at two tertiary centers, NSAIDs were the treatment used in 144 (36.7%), and successful NSAID response was associated with idiopathic diffuse or nodular disease carrying a low degree of scleral inflammation, 2+ or less (OR 2.89, P < 0.001), and with disease free of ocular complications (OR 3.13, P < 0.001), while successful treatment with immunomodulatory therapy was instead associated with necrotizing scleritis (OR 4.73, P = 0.026) and with diffuse or nodular scleritis carrying a systemic association (OR 1.57, P = 0.047).
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity, including anaphylactic reactions and serious skin reactions, to indomethacin or any components of the drug product
- History of asthma, urticaria, or other allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs
- In the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery
Available Forms30 extended release capsules / 75mg
Mechanism of ActionNonselective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2, blocking prostaglandin synthesis; the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect is systemic, and the same loss of prostaglandin signaling accounts for its gastrointestinal and renal toxicity.
Warnings & Precautions
- Cardiovascular thrombotic events: NSAIDs cause an increased risk of serious cardiovascular thrombotic events, including myocardial infarction and stroke, which can be fatal. The risk may occur early in treatment and may increase with duration of use.
- Gastrointestinal bleeding, ulceration and perforation: NSAIDs cause an increased risk of serious gastrointestinal adverse events including bleeding, ulceration, and perforation of the stomach or intestines, which can be fatal. These events can occur at any time during use and without warning symptoms.
- Hepatotoxicity: Discontinue if abnormal liver tests persist or worsen or if clinical signs and symptoms of liver disease develop.
- Hypertension: Patients taking some antihypertensive medications may have impaired response to these therapies when taking NSAIDs. Monitor blood pressure.
- Heart failure and edema: Avoid use in patients with severe heart failure unless benefits are expected to outweigh risk of worsening heart failure.
- Renal toxicity: Monitor renal function in patients with renal or hepatic impairment, heart failure, dehydration, or hypovolemia.
- Exacerbation of asthma related to aspirin sensitivity: Monitor patients with preexisting asthma without aspirin sensitivity.
- Serious skin reactions: Discontinue at first appearance of skin rash or other signs of hypersensitivity.
Common Side Effects
The most common adverse reactions, at an incidence of 3% or more, are headache, dizziness, dyspepsia and nausea.
Pregnancy & LactationPregnancy: NSAIDs can cause premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus and fetal renal dysfunction leading to oligohydramnios and, in some cases, neonatal renal impairment, so limit dose and duration of use between about 20 and 30 weeks of gestation and avoid use at about 30 weeks of gestation and later in pregnancy.
Lactation: Based on available published clinical data, indomethacin may be present in human milk, so weigh the benefits of breastfeeding against the mother's clinical need and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant.
Pediatric Use≥15 years
Ketorolac 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%
Acular LS® · Acuvail® · Acular®NSAID
Approved uses
Ocular pain and burning or stinging after corneal refractive surgery
One drop QID in the operated eye as needed, for up to 4 days postoperatively.
Post-PRK pain control equals bromfenac 0.09% BID, with no difference in epithelial healing.
OFF-LABELNot in the FDA label for this product
Cystoid macular edema prophylaxis with cataract surgery
One drop QID for 3 days preoperatively, 4 doses within the hour before surgery, then QID for about 4 weeks postoperatively, added to prednisolone acetate 1% QID.
RCT · n=546 · low-risk eyes
Prospective randomized investigator-masked multicenter trial in 546 patients with no recognized CME risk factors. Clinically apparent CME in 0 of 268 on the NSAID plus steroid versus 5 of 278 on steroid alone (p = 0.032); definite or probable CME on OCT in 0 versus 6 (2.4%, p = 0.018); mean retinal thickening 3.9 versus 9.6 microns (p = 0.003), with more than 10 microns of thickening in 26% versus 51% (p < 0.001). Good-quality single trial in low-risk eyes; the broader class evidence is graded low certainty by Cochrane.
Preoperative dosing to reduce LASIK pain
One drop QID starting 48 hours before surgery, one drop just before the keratome pass, and one drop at the conclusion of surgery.
RCT · n=30 · single surgeon
Prospective randomized double-masked contralateral-eye trial in 60 eyes of 30 patients, fellow eye on artificial tears: mean postoperative pain 0.53 versus 1.23 on a 0 to 6 scale (p = 0.002); the intraoperative difference did not reach significance (p = 0.085). No flap slips or microstriae. Off-label on timing, since the labeled regimen is postoperative only; small single-surgeon study.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation.
Available Forms0.4% (4 mg/mL) solution, 5 mL fill in a 10 mL dropper bottle
Mechanism of ActionNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug of the pyrrolo-pyrrole class; inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis by blocking cyclooxygenase. Suppressing prostaglandin production at the ablated corneal surface reduces the pain and burning or stinging that follow refractive surgery.
Warnings & Precautions
- Delayed healing: Topical NSAIDs may slow or delay healing; concomitant topical steroids compound the risk.
- Cross-sensitivity: Potential cross-reactivity with acetylsalicylic acid, phenylacetic acid derivatives, and other NSAIDs. Bronchospasm and exacerbation of asthma have been reported in patients with aspirin or NSAID hypersensitivity or a past history of asthma.
- Increased bleeding time: Interference with thrombocyte aggregation. Ocularly applied NSAIDs have been reported to increase bleeding of ocular tissues, including hyphema, in conjunction with surgery. Use caution with known bleeding tendencies or concomitant drugs that prolong bleeding time.
- Corneal effects: Keratitis can occur, and continued use in susceptible patients may progress to epithelial breakdown, corneal thinning, erosion, ulceration, or perforation, which may be sight threatening. Discontinue immediately on corneal epithelial breakdown and monitor corneal health closely.
- Higher-risk corneas: Complicated or repeat ocular surgery, corneal denervation, corneal epithelial defects, diabetes mellitus, ocular surface disease such as dry eye, and rheumatoid arthritis raise the risk of sight-threatening corneal events.
- Extended perioperative use: Dosing more than 1 day before surgery or beyond 14 days after surgery increases the occurrence and severity of corneal adverse events.
- Contact lens wear: Not to be administered while wearing contact lenses.
- Contamination risk: Bottle tip contact with the eye or surrounding structures can contaminate the solution and cause serious ocular infection and vision loss.
Common Side Effects
- Ocular, 1% to 5%: Conjunctival hyperemia, corneal infiltrates, ocular edema, ocular pain.
- Ocular, most frequent: Transient stinging and burning on instillation, reported by up to 40% of patients across ketorolac ophthalmic trials.
- Ocular, 1% to 10% class-wide: Allergic reactions including eye swelling, eyelid edema, and hyperemia; corneal edema; iritis; ocular inflammation; ocular irritation; superficial keratitis; superficial ocular infections.
- Ocular, rare: Corneal ulcer, eye dryness, blurred vision.
- Ocular, postmarketing: Corneal erosion, corneal thinning, corneal melt, corneal perforation, epithelial breakdown.
- Systemic: Headache in 1% to 5%; bronchospasm or exacerbation of asthma reported postmarketing.
Pregnancy & LactationPregnancy: No adequate or well-controlled studies in pregnant women; no teratogenicity seen in rats or rabbits at clinically relevant doses.
Lactation: Presence in human milk after topical dosing is unknown; use caution in a nursing woman.
Pediatric UseSafety and effectiveness not established below age 3.
Nepafenac 0.1%, 0.3%
Nevanac® · Ilevro®NSAID
Approved uses
Pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery
One drop TID beginning 1 day before surgery, on the day of surgery, and through the first 2 weeks postoperatively.
Cells and flare clear completely by day 14 in 63%, and over 80% are pain free at every visit.
OFF-LABELNot in the FDA label for this product
Prevention of macular edema after cataract surgery in diabetic retinopathy (off-label)
Trial regimen: one drop TID beginning 1 day before surgery and continued through day 90, on top of tobramycin-dexamethasone QID for the first 2 weeks. Exceeds the labeled 14-day postoperative duration.
RCT · n=175 · acuity gain NS
Randomized, double-masked, vehicle-controlled multicenter trial in 175 patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: macular edema, defined as a 30% or greater rise in central subfield thickness, within 90 days of surgery in 5.0% (95% CI 1.4 to 12.3) versus 17.5% on vehicle (95% CI 9.9 to 27.6), p=0.01. The day 90 mean BCVA gain favored nepafenac but was not statistically significant (17.7 versus 14.3 letters, p=0.14).
Ocular pain after photorefractive keratectomy (off-label)
Trial regimen: one drop TID in the treated eye through postoperative day 2.
RCT · n=35 · no untreated arm
Contralateral-eye randomized comparative study in 35 patients, 0.1% TID in one eye versus nepafenac 0.3% once daily in the fellow eye through day 2, found no difference in pain scores, subepithelial haze, or visual acuity. There was no untreated or vehicle arm, so this establishes equivalence between the two concentrations, not efficacy over no treatment.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to any ingredient in the formulation or to other NSAIDs.
Available Forms0.1% sterile ophthalmic suspension, 3 mL in a 4 mL bottle
Mechanism of ActionNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory prodrug; penetrates the cornea and is converted by ocular tissue hydrolases to amfenac, which inhibits prostaglandin H synthase (cyclooxygenase). Conversion occurs after corneal penetration, so prostaglandin blockade is generated within ocular tissue.
Warnings & Precautions
- Corneal effects: Topical NSAIDs may cause keratitis, and continued use in susceptible patients may progress to epithelial breakdown, corneal thinning, corneal erosion, corneal ulceration, or corneal perforation, collectively the topical NSAID corneal melt spectrum. These events may be sight threatening; discontinue immediately on evidence of corneal epithelial breakdown and monitor corneal health closely.
- Higher-risk corneas: Complicated ocular surgery, repeat ocular surgery within a short period, corneal denervation, corneal epithelial defects, diabetes mellitus, ocular surface disease such as dry eye, and rheumatoid arthritis raise the risk of sight-threatening corneal events in postmarketing reports.
- Extended perioperative use: Postmarketing reports with topical NSAIDs suggest that use more than 1 day before surgery, or beyond 14 days after surgery, may increase the risk and severity of corneal adverse events.
- Delayed healing: Topical NSAIDs may slow or delay healing, and concomitant topical corticosteroids, which also delay healing, may increase the potential for healing problems.
- Increased bleeding time: Potential for interference with thrombocyte aggregation; ocularly applied NSAIDs have been reported to increase bleeding of ocular tissues, including hyphema, in conjunction with ocular surgery. Use caution with known bleeding tendencies or concomitant drugs that prolong bleeding time.
- Contact lens wear: Not to be administered while contact lenses are worn.
- Contamination risk: Dropper tip contact with the eye or adnexa can contaminate the suspension and cause serious ocular infection and vision loss; a separate bottle per eye is preferred for surgical use.
Common Side Effects
- Ocular, 5% to 10%: Capsular opacity, decreased visual acuity, foreign body sensation, increased IOP, sticky sensation.
- Ocular, 1% to 5%: Conjunctival edema, corneal edema, dry eye, lid margin crusting, ocular discomfort, ocular hyperemia, ocular pain, ocular pruritus, photophobia, tearing, vitreous detachment. Some of these may be consequences of the cataract procedure itself.
- Systemic, 1% to 4%: Headache, hypertension, nausea and vomiting, sinusitis.
Pregnancy & LactationPregnancy: Category C. No teratogenicity in rats or rabbits at oral doses up to 10 mg/kg/day, although maternally toxic doses in rats produced dystocia, increased post-implantation loss, reduced fetal weight and growth, and reduced fetal survival; avoid in late pregnancy because prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors can close the fetal ductus arteriosus.
Lactation: Excreted in the milk of lactating rats; human milk excretion unknown, so use caution in a nursing woman.
Pediatric UseSafety and effectiveness not established below age 10.