congenital strabismus

More accurately termed infantile strabismus, congenital strabismus is an ocular misalignment that develops within the first six months of life. It is characterized by a constant horizontal deviation, typically esotropia, with a large angle of deviation (≥30 prism diopters). Associated features may include dissociated vertical deviation, inferior oblique overaction, latent nystagmus, and optokinetic asymmetry. Early surgical intervention is often necessary to promote proper binocular development and prevent amblyopia.