electro-oculogram (EOG)

A technique that records eye movements and eye position by measuring the difference in electrical potential between electrodes placed on the skin around the eyes. Eye movements generate a corneo-retinal potential difference detected by the electrodes, with the EOG signal corresponding to the direction and amplitude of eye movements. EOG is used to study eye movement disorders, nystagmus, optokinetic responses, and can also assess retinal function. While non-invasive with high temporal resolution, it has limitations of low spatial resolution and potential signal artifacts.